【香港法治】「世界正義工程」年度法治指數 香港首跌出全球20大
「世界正義工程」的法治指數，香港在全球140個國家中跌出20大，創2014年納入指數來新低，跑輸排名第4的新加坡。
- 2022-10-26
美國非政府組織「世界正義工程」（The World Justice Project）的法治指數，香港在全球140個國家中跌出20大，排名第22位，創2014年納入指數以來的新低。以亞太區而言，香港則排名第6位，跑輸排名第4位的新加坡。香港排名下跌受多個指標全線下跌拖累，其中權力制衡、基本人權等指標跌幅明顯，錄得歷來新低。
據「世界正義工程」近日發表的報告，香港在8個指標中全綫下跌，包括「約束政府權力」、「刑事法律正義」、「民事法律正義」、「基本權利」、「開放政府」、「規管環境」、「社會秩序及安全」、「免於貪腐」，前4者錄得歷來新低。
其中，跌幅較大是「約束政府權力」，由去年排名45位跌至54位。以實際評分計算，香港僅0.58分，較去年跌4.91%。其次是「基本權利」僅有0.59分，較去年排名跌7位，跌至61位，跌幅達3.28%。兩者均降至只貼近合格水平。
以細項指標計，香港在多個指標錄得歷來新低。當中行政機關受法院限權，香港在2020年曾在全球排名第18位，但去年已跌至全球第22位，今年更跌至全球第38位；至於行政機關受立法限權，則由2020年第33位，跌至去年第52位，而今年更跌至全球第65位。
分析：香港法治的未來走勢令人洩氣
「世界正義工程」高級顧問Ted Piccone形容香港是亞太區唯一在5年內，評分跌多於2%的地區，尤其在權力制衡、基本人權及刑事司法跌幅較明顯。
就香港法治表現惡化原因，Piccone提及，香港和平示威者被控違反《港區國安法》，而《國安法》下特首可委任法官處理國家安全相關案件，亦增加行政當局權力，削弱司法獨立，故可能導致香港在全球評分下跌。他又指，觀乎目前和平示威者被控、行政當局權力增加，香港法治的未來走勢令人洩氣（discouraging）。
不過，港府過去回應外界對《港區國安法》的批評時多次否認有關說法，多次強調《國安法》有保障人權和法治的條文。
記者：李若如 責編：李世民 網編：劉定堅
S’pore maintains 17th spot in global rule of law rankings
The ranking was compiled by the World Justice Project (WJP), an independent advocacy group based in the United States. Singapore remained in 17th spot out of 140 countries and jurisdictions, and fourth out of 15 in the East Asia and Pacific region.
The annual index, which was released on Wednesday, measures how the rule of law is experienced and perceived in practical, everyday situations. Performance is measured using 44 indicators across eight main factors, each scored and ranked globally and regionally.
The eight factors are constraints on government power, government openness, absence of corruption, fundamental rights, order and security, regulatory enforcement, the criminal justice system and the civil justice system.
Globally, Singapore ranked in the top 10 in five factors: absence of corruption, order and security, regulatory enforcement, criminal justice and civil justice.
The Republic’s ranking improved two places to 30th for constraints on government powers, dropped one spot to 35th for government openness, and fell one notch to 39th for fundamental rights.
Singapore’s overall score in this year’s index remained at 0.78, with a drop of less than 1 per cent from 2021. The Republic’s performance has been relatively stable since scoring 0.81 in 2015.
For the fifth consecutive year, the rule of law weakened in more countries than those in which it improved, said the WJP.
WJP’s chief research officer, Dr Alejandro Ponce, said the results of the report showed that adherence to the rule of law fell in 61 per cent of the countries in the past year.
However, the declines in the past year are less widespread and extreme than those in 2021, when Covid-19 shutdowns dramatically disrupted justice systems and curtailed civic liberties.
According to the 2022 report, respect for fundamental rights declined in two-thirds of the countries, while checks on government powers fell in 58 per cent of them.
The key factors driving 2022’s global declines continued to be related to the pandemic. Scores measuring the performance of the civil justice system fell in 61 per cent of countries, mainly owing to justice delays and discrimination.
“We are emerging from the pandemic, but the global rule of law recession continues,” said WJP executive director Elizabeth Andersen.
“At its heart, rule of law is about fairness – that is, accountability, equal rights, and justice for all. And a less fair world is bound to be a more volatile one.”
後話
如此法治上，新加坡仍然領先過香。據WJP 网站資料， WJP 始於2014，及至2015年才出現有系統指標作比較和排名。從數據庫年報資料顯示，自2014年至今2022年，新加坡仍是領先香港。
Year SG HK
2021 17 19
2020 12 16
2019 13 16
2017-18 13 16
2016 9 16
2015 9 17
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